Definition: abstract vector space

A (real) vector space is a non-empty set of objects called vectors with the following operations:

  1. Vector addition operation .
  2. Multiplication by scalar operation . The vector space must satisfy the following properties, known as vector space axioms:
  • Associativity of addition: .
  • Commutativity of addition: .
  • Existence of additive identity: .
  • Existence of additive inverse: .
  • Compatibility of multiplication by scalar with real number multiplication: .
  • Identity element of multiplication by scalar: .
  • Distributivity of multiplication by scalar over vector addition: .
  • Distributivity of multiplication by scalar over real number sum: .